Harvard Referencing System
and if you include this, you must also include
Or you can just provide a full bibliography - check with you School regarding their requirements.
Archive/Special Collection manuscript
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Date. Title [material type]. Collection, shelfmark. Library, City, County
Blog
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of blog entry. Date blog entry written. Title of Blog [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web: <URL>
Books (one or more authors)
Take the information from the title page and the reverse of the title page:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. City of publication: Publisher
ADAMS, A. D. 1906. Electric transmission of water power. New York: McGraw
Books (edited)
Write (ed) or (eds) after the editor's name(s):
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). (ed). Year. Title. City of publication: Publisher
CRANDELL, K.A. (ed). 1999. The Evolution of HIV. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press
Books (electronic)
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. City of publication: Publisher. [ Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web: <URL>
Census statistics
DEPOSITOR, Title [computer file]. ESRC/JISC Census Programme, Census Data Support Unit, University in which the unit is based.
OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS, 2001 Census: Standard Area Statistics (England and Wales) [computer file]. ESRC/JISC Census Programme, Census Dissemination Unit, MIMAS (University of Manchester)
Chapters in edited books
Use the title page and reverse title page of the book and the chapter heading itself:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Chapter title. In: Initial(s) FAMILY NAME OF EDITOR(S), (eds). Title of book. City of publication: Publisher. Page number of your quotation
CD-ROM
Use the accompanying material:
Title. Year. [CD-ROM]. City of publication: Publisher.
Who's who 1897-1998. 1998. [CD-ROM] London: Oxford University Press.
Command papers
GREAT BRITAIN. Department/Committee. Year. Title. (Command no). HMSO: London
N.B. Check what abbreviation is required for Command, as this is different for different historical periods.
Conference papers and proceedings
Use the title page and reverse title page of the full proceedings and the headings for the paper:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of paper. In: Editor(s) of conference proceedings if known. Title of conference, date of conference, location of conference. Place of publication: publisher. Page number(s)
Congress Hearing (U.S.)
U.S. HOUSE. Committee. Title. Hearing, date. Washington: Government Printing Office, Year
Dance - live performance
CHOREOGRAPHER. Premiere date. Title.[Date seen and where].
Dance - video
DIRECTOR/PRODUCER. Year published or first transmission. Title of video or programme [type of medium e.g. video], Production company or Publisher [further details to identify dance works]
Electronic discussion lists
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. Date added. Available from: Discussion group title [Date accessed]
Email communications
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Title. [online]. Message to: Recipient. Date sent. [Date accessed]. Personal communication
Eprints and preprints
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of article. Journal title, Volume (issue number), page numbers. Prefix.Eprint number
E.U. COM documents
Title, COM (last 2 digits of the year)serial number, final
E.U. legislation
Institutional origin (e.g. Commission/ Council) form (e.g. Regulation, directive, decision) institutional treaty (e.g. EEC/EC, ECSC, Euratom) Unique number/ last 2 digits of year of enactment on date passed on title of legislation
Film or video
Title. Material designation. Subsidiary originator (director is preferred). Production details - place: organisation. Year.
Chicken Run. Animated film. Directed by Peter LORD and Nick PARK. Bristol: Aardman. 2000.
Film transcript
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. [Location of transcript]. City
Government departmental circular (U.K)
GREAT BRITAIN. Office, Department. Year. Title. Circular distributed: date. Office: London
Hansard
HANSARD (House). Date, column numbers
HANSARD (Commons). 27 November 1986, columns 506-7
Illustration
ORIGINATOR. Year. Title. Material type, location.
Image (Online)
ORIGINATOR. Year. Title of image [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web: <url of site>
Interview
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. [Personal communication]. Date interview conducted
SCHAIE, K. 1993. [Personal communication]. 18 April
Interview (taped)
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Interview with the author on Date. City. [Cassette recording in possession of author]
Journal article
Use the title page of the journal volume or issue and the article:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of article. Journal title. Volume (issue number), page number of your quotation
Journal article (electronic)
Use information from the web site and the article:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title of article. Journal title [online]. Volume (issue number) [Date accessed], page number of your quotation. Available from World Wide Web: <url of site>
Law report
Law reports do not form part of the Harvard system of citations, the examples below are accepted ways of referencing law reports.
Jones v. Smith [1934] All ER 123
R. v. Williams (1992) 2 WLR 321
Major reference works
Editor and publisher of a well-known reference work can be omitted, but cite the page numbers consulted:
T itle.Year. s.v. Section heading, page number of your quotation (NB: sub-verbo, this means 'look under' and directs the reader to find it under another heading, in this case the section)
New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1988. s.v. Microradiography, 15th ed. p.1374
Map
ORIGINATOR'S SURNAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title, scale. City: Publisher
Microform
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title [Medium]. Available: Title of microform collection: reel number/ fiche number
Mintel report
MINTEL MARKETING INTELLIGENCE. (Year). Title. City of publication: Publisher
Music (published)
ORIGINATOR. Year. Title. Subsidiary originator. City of publication: Publisher.
Newspaper article
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Title of article. Year. Newspaper title, date, page number of your quotation
WEBSTER, B. New speed camera puts more drivers in the frame. 2006. Times, 24 May, p.1
Newspaper cartoon
CARTOONIST. Year. "Title of cartoon." Newspaper title. Date, Page
BELL, S. 2006. "The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles". Guardian. 10 February 2006, p.29
Organisation report
ORGANISATION. (Unpublished, year). Title. Report dated date
Painting
ARTIST. Year. Title, material type, measurements. Art Gallery, City.
VAN GOGH, V. 1888. Sunflowers, oil on canvas, 92.1 x 73 cm. National Gallery, London
Parliamentary act (U.K.)
Title Year: Monarch. Chapter. The Stationery Office, Year
Access to Justice Act 1999: Elizabeth II. Chapter 22. The Stationery Office, 1999
Patents and patent applications
This information is found on the title page of the patent:
NAME OF ORIGINATOR. Year. Title of patent document. Patent code. Patent number
Press release
ORGANISATION. Year. Title. Press release, issued date
NSPCC. 1993. NSPCC launches justice for children campaign. Press release, issued 17 March 1993
Senate report (U.S.)
U.S. SENATE. Committee. Title. (Report number). Washington: Government Printing Office, Year
Sound recording
ORIGINATOR. Year. Title. Place of publication and Name of publisher (separated by a colon). Ref No. Sound type medium. Length.
Standards
This information is found on the title page of the standard:
AUTHOR OF STANDARD.
Year. Standard Number and Year (separated by a colon). Title of standard. Place of publication and Name of publisher (separated by a colon).
Television advertisement
COMPANY/PRODUCT. Year produced. Description of advert (duration). Television advertisement, channel. Screened dates
Television broadcast
Series title and number and title of episode. Transmitting organisation and channel, full date and time of transmission.
Prison Break, Episode 210, Rendezvous. TV, Five, 2007 March 19. 22.00 hrs.
Theatre performance (devised production)
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S)/PRODUCTION COMPANY. Year. Title, performer, director. International tour: Theatre company
Theatre performance (production of an authored play)
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title, director, theatre: theatre company. First performance: Date performance started
Theses and dissertations
Use the title page of the thesis:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. Type of qualification, academic institution
Unpublished documents
If unsure of the date, make a sensible guess and use a question mark:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title. Unpublished.
FENDELL, R. 1985? Training and management for primary healthcare. Unpublished.
Website with author
Take the information from the webpage itself or the associated homepage - use the title bar and the credits at the bottom of the page, your own date of viewing the page and insert the words [online] and Available from World Wide Web:
FAMILY NAME, INITIAL(S). Year. Title [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web : <url of site>
Website with no author
Take the information from the webpage itself or the associated homepage - use the title bar and the credits at the bottom of the page, your own date of viewing the page and insert the words [online] and Available from World Wide Web:
Title of website.Year as appearing on site [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web : <url of site>
Wikis
WIKI NAME. Date. Title of article [online]. [Date accessed]. Available from World Wide Web:<url of site>
YouTube video
SCREEN NAME. Year. Title [online]. [Date Accessed]. Available from World Wide Web: <URL>